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pygame 贪吃蛇

阅读：786 发布：2019-12-04 作者：lypeng

## 效果图
![开始](/uploads/lypeng/20191204155756.jpg "开始")
![结束](/uploads/lypeng/20191204155924.jpg "结束")

## pygame一些资料
pygame学习教程：https://eyehere.net/page/2/?s=pygame?_blank

pygame官方手册：https://www.pygame.org/docs/?_blank

pygame中文手册：/uploads/file/Pygame.pdf （可下载离线看）

## pygame
pygame学习起来不难，和html5的cavans画板，python的tkinter，整个思路都差不多！难的是代码逻辑~

- 先定义一个框（画布）
- 然后填充背景图或背景颜色，在上面画图形，圆，方块，线条
- 通过逻辑代码控制图形的移动
- while true死循环，保持界面一直存在

## 贪吃蛇：

代码思路分析参见：https://www.cnblogs.com/dengfaheng/p/9241267.html?_blank 感谢这位大神~

用到了list,tuple,dict的操作，我表示还是不熟练~

- main函数控制主程序
- show_start_info和show_gameover_info定义了开始与结束两个场景
- 再有是别的各种方法（移动，判断是否撞墙或自己body，随机生成食物位置，吃到食物等等）

## 完整代码：

```python
# _*_coding:utf-8_*_

import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
from sys import exit
import random

# 初始化 变量定义
windows_width = 700
windows_height = 580
cell_size = 20
BG_COLOR = (0,0,0)
snake_speed = 5 #贪吃蛇的速度
map_width = int(windows_width / cell_size)
map_height = int(windows_height / cell_size)
# 定义方向
UP = 1
DOWN = 2
LEFT = 3
RIGHT = 4

HEAD = 0 #贪吃蛇头部下标
# 主函数
def main():
	pygame.init()
	snake_speed_clock = pygame.time.Clock()
	screen = pygame.display.set_mode((windows_width,windows_height), 0, 32)
	screen.fill(BG_COLOR)

pygame.display.set_caption('贪吃蛇')
	show_start_info(screen)
	while True:
		running_game(screen,snake_speed_clock)
		show_gameover_info(screen)

def running_game(screen,snake_speed_clock):
	screen.fill(BG_COLOR) #清屏
	#开始位置
	startx = random.randint(3, map_width - 8)
	starty = random.randint(3, map_height - 8)

#初始贪吃蛇
	snake_coords = [{'x':startx, 'y': starty}, {'x': startx-1, 'y': starty}, {'x': startx-2, 'y': starty}]
    #开始时向右移动
	direction = RIGHT
    #实物随机位置
	food = get_random_location()

while True:
		for event in pygame.event.get():
			if event.type == QUIT:
				exit()
			elif event.type == KEYDOWN:
				if (event.key == K_LEFT or event.key == K_a) and direction != RIGHT:
					direction = LEFT
				elif (event.key == K_RIGHT or event.key == K_d) and direction != LEFT:
					direction = RIGHT
				elif (event.key == K_UP or event.key == K_w) and direction != DOWN:
					direction = UP
				elif (event.key == K_DOWN or event.key == K_s) and direction != UP:
					direction = DOWN
				elif event.key == K_ESCAPE:
					terminate()
		move_snake(direction, snake_coords)

ret = snake_is_alive(snake_coords)
		if not ret:
			break
        #蛇跪了. 游戏结束
        #判断蛇是否吃到食物
		snake_is_eat_food(snake_coords, food)

screen.fill(BG_COLOR)
		draw_grid(screen)
		draw_snake(screen, snake_coords)
		draw_food(screen, food)
		draw_score(screen, len(snake_coords) - 3)
		pygame.display.update()
		snake_speed_clock.tick(snake_speed) #控制fps

# 画蛇
def draw_snake(screen,snake_coords):
	for coord in snake_coords:
		x = coord['x'] * cell_size
		y = coord['y'] * cell_size
		color = (random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255))
		pygame.draw.rect(screen,color,((x,y),(cell_size,cell_size)),0)
	pass

# 画食物
def draw_food(screen,food):
	x = food['x'] * cell_size
	y = food['y'] * cell_size
	pygame.draw.rect(screen,(255,0,0),((x,y),(cell_size,cell_size)),0)

def draw_grid(screen):
    for x in range(0, windows_width, cell_size):  # draw 水平 lines
        pygame.draw.line(screen, (30,30,30), (x, 0), (x, windows_height))
    for y in range(0, windows_height, cell_size):  # draw 垂直 lines
        pygame.draw.line(screen, (30,30,30), (0, y), (windows_width, y))

def move_snake(direction, snake_coords):
    if direction == UP:
        newHead = {'x': snake_coords[HEAD]['x'], 'y': snake_coords[HEAD]['y'] - 1}
    elif direction == DOWN:
        newHead = {'x': snake_coords[HEAD]['x'], 'y': snake_coords[HEAD]['y'] + 1}
    elif direction == LEFT:
        newHead = {'x': snake_coords[HEAD]['x'] - 1, 'y': snake_coords[HEAD]['y']}
    elif direction == RIGHT:
        newHead = {'x': snake_coords[HEAD]['x'] + 1, 'y': snake_coords[HEAD]['y']}

snake_coords.insert(0, newHead)

def snake_is_alive(snake_coords):
    tag = True
    if snake_coords[HEAD]['x'] == -1 or snake_coords[HEAD]['x'] == map_width or snake_coords[HEAD]['y'] == -1 or \
            snake_coords[HEAD]['y'] == map_height:
        tag = False # 蛇碰壁啦
    for snake_body in snake_coords[1:]:
        if snake_body['x'] == snake_coords[HEAD]['x'] and snake_body['y'] == snake_coords[HEAD]['y']:
            tag = False # 蛇碰到自己身体啦
    return tag

def snake_is_eat_food(snake_coords,food):
    if snake_coords[HEAD]['x'] == food['x'] and snake_coords[HEAD]['y'] == food['y']:
        food['x'] = random.randint(0, map_width - 1)
        food['y'] = random.randint(0, map_height - 1) # 实物位置重新设置
    else:
        del snake_coords[-1]  # 如果没有吃到实物, 就向前移动, 那么尾部一格删掉

def get_random_location():
	return {'x':random.randint(1, map_width-1),'y':random.randint(1, map_height-1)}

def show_start_info(screen):
	background = pygame.image.load('bg4.jpg')
	screen.blit(background,(0,0))
	font = pygame.font.Font('simkai.ttf', 40)
	title = font.render(u'点击任意键开始游戏,ESC退出',True,(255,0,0))
	screen.blit(title,(100,100))
	pygame.display.update()

while True:
		for event in pygame.event.get():
			if event.type==pygame.QUIT:
				sys.exit()
			if event.type == KEYDOWN:
				if event.key == K_ESCAPE:
					terminate()
				else:
					return

def show_gameover_info(screen):
    font = pygame.font.Font('simkai.ttf', 40)
    tip = font.render('按ESC退出游戏, 按任意键重新开始~', True, (65, 105, 225))
    gamestart = pygame.image.load('bg5.png')
    screen.blit(gamestart, (200, 240))
    screen.blit(tip, (30, 300))
    pygame.display.update()

while True:  #键盘监听事件
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == QUIT:
                terminate()
            elif event.type == KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == K_ESCAPE:
                    terminate()
                else:
                    return #结束此函数, 重新开始游戏

def draw_score(screen,score):
    font = pygame.font.Font('simkai.ttf', 30)
    scoreSurf = font.render('得分: %s' % score, True, (0,255,0))
    scoreRect = scoreSurf.get_rect()
    scoreRect.topleft = (windows_width - 120, 10)
    screen.blit(scoreSurf, scoreRect)

def terminate():
    pygame.quit()
    exit()

# 调用主函数，运行游戏
main()

```

## 运行说明
用到图片两个bg4.jpg;bg5.png，字体：simkai.ttf

下载：/uploads/file/snake.rar?_blank

我的Python版本：3.7.0

```
pip install pygame
python snake.py
```

------本文结束感谢阅读------

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